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Peppermint Oil (Enteric-Coated)
Enteric-coated peppermint oil is one of the better-evidenced botanicals on the site.
- Evidence
- Likely Effective
- Category
- Probiotics & Gut Health
- Best form
- Enteric-coated softgels or capsules (Nature's Way Pepogest, Heather's Tummy Tamers, Solaray, NOW Foods Peppermint Gels) - the form used in nearly every positive IBS trial
- Effective dose
- 180-225mg enteric-coated peppermint oil, 3 times daily, taken 30-60 minutes before meals (Cappello protocol: 2 caps twice daily
- Lab tested
- 1 of 8 products
- Category
- Probiotics & Gut Health
- Best form
- Enteric-coated softgels or capsules (Nature's Way Pepogest, Heather's Tummy Tamers, Solaray, NOW Foods Peppermint Gels) - the form used in nearly every positive IBS trial
- Effective dose
- 180-225mg enteric-coated peppermint oil, 3 times daily, taken 30-60 minutes before meals (Cappello protocol: 2 caps twice daily
- Lab tested
- 1 of 8 products
Key takeaways
- →One of the better-evidenced botanicals for IBS: two meta-analyses and ACG 2021 guideline support it, with NNT around 3 in older trials.
- →Enteric coating is non-negotiable. Non-enteric peppermint oil releases in the stomach, relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter, and worsens reflux without helping intestinal symptoms.
- →Largest rigorous trial (PERSUADE 2019) missed its primary endpoint but hit secondary outcomes - the headline effect size is smaller than older meta-analyses suggested.
- →Try for 4 weeks at the clinical dose (180-225mg 3x daily before meals). Stop if heartburn appears or if symptoms have not improved by week 4.
What Is Peppermint Oil (Enteric-Coated)?
Enteric-coated peppermint oil is one of the better-evidenced botanicals on the site. Two solid meta-analyses (Khanna 2014 and Alammar 2019) pooling ~12 randomized trials and ~1,500 patients both found peppermint oil clearly superior to placebo for global IBS symptoms and abdominal pain. Khanna reported a relative risk of 2.23 for overall symptom improvement and a number-needed-to-treat of about 3, which is a strong effect size for any IBS treatment. The American College of Gastroenterology's 2021 IBS guideline (Lacy et al.) includes peppermint oil as a recommended therapy, citing it alongside soluble fiber and gut-directed psychotherapy as one of the few over-the-counter options with real evidence behind it.
The mechanism is plausible and well-characterized. Menthol, the active terpene in peppermint oil, acts as an L-type calcium channel blocker on gastrointestinal smooth muscle - Hills and Aaronson demonstrated this directly in rabbit and guinea pig intestinal preparations back in 1991. The effect is similar to dihydropyridine calcium antagonists used clinically, which is why peppermint oil reduces intestinal spasm and post-prandial pain. It is essentially a botanical antispasmodic.
The product-form story matters more here than for almost any other supplement. Peppermint oil only works for IBS if it actually reaches the intestine intact. Non-enteric peppermint oil capsules release in the stomach, where they relax the lower esophageal sphincter and reliably worsen heartburn while doing little for intestinal symptoms. Every positive RCT used enteric-coated capsules (Cappello 2007 used Mintoil at 225mg per cap; the Cash 2016 IBSREST trial used IBgard's small-intestine-targeted microspheres at 90mg per cap; the Weerts 2019 PERSUADE trial used 182mg small-intestine-release capsules). Skip the enteric coating and you are buying a heartburn product.
The biggest caveat to the evidence is the 2019 PERSUADE trial (Weerts et al., 190 IBS patients in the Netherlands). This was the largest single-RCT of peppermint oil to date and it missed its prespecified primary endpoint - neither small-intestine-release nor ileocolonic-release peppermint oil produced a statistically significant improvement over placebo on the FDA/EMA composite primary outcome. Secondary endpoints (abdominal pain, discomfort, IBS-SSS) did improve, but the headline was negative. A 2022 follow-up meta-analysis (Ingrosso/Ford) re-pooled the data including PERSUADE and still found peppermint oil more effective than placebo, but downgraded the overall evidence quality to "very low" by GRADE criteria.
So the honest read: peppermint oil works for IBS for many people, the effect is real, but it is not a magic-bullet treatment and the larger more rigorous trials produced smaller effects than the older smaller ones. ACG still recommends it. NNT is somewhere between 3 and 7 depending on whose meta-analysis you trust. It is worth a 4-week trial in IBS-M and IBS-D, especially given how cheap and safe it is. For non-IBS bloating, occasional indigestion, or "gut health" without a diagnosis, the evidence is much thinner.
Does It Work? The Evidence
How A-F grades workGlobal symptom improvement in irritable bowel syndrome
Khanna 2014 meta-analysis (PMID: 24100754, 9 RCTs, n=726): RR 2.23 for global symptom improvement vs placebo, NNT ~3; Alammar 2019 meta-analysis (PMID: 30654773, 12 RCTs, n=835): RR 2.39 for global symptom improvement; Ingrosso/Ford 2022 meta-analysis (PMID: 35942669, 10 RCTs): peppermint oil more efficacious than placebo, though overall GRADE quality rated very low; ACG 2021 IBS guideline (PMID: 33315591, Lacy et al.) includes peppermint oil as a recommended over-the-counter therapy
Reduction in abdominal pain in IBS
Khanna 2014 meta-analysis (PMID: 24100754): RR 2.14 for abdominal pain reduction; Alammar 2019 (PMID: 30654773): RR 1.78 for abdominal pain relief; Cappello 2007 RCT (PMID: 17420159, n=57, Mintoil 225mg twice daily x 4 weeks): 75% of peppermint group achieved >50% reduction in total IBS symptom score vs 38% on placebo (p<0.009)
Rapid symptom relief with small-intestine-targeted delivery (IBgard)
Cash 2016 IBSREST trial (PMID: 26319955, n=72 IBS-M/IBS-D, IBgard 3x daily x 4 weeks): 40% reduction in Total IBS Symptom Score vs 24.3% on placebo (p=0.025); significant separation from placebo as early as 24 hours (-19.6% vs -10.3%, p=0.009). Small trial, industry-sponsored, but the only RCT to test the triple-coated microsphere small-intestine delivery system
Larger rigorous trial results (mixed)
Weerts 2019 PERSUADE trial (PMID: 31470006, n=190 IBS patients, Netherlands, 8 weeks): missed prespecified FDA/EMA composite primary endpoint - neither small-intestine-release nor ileocolonic-release peppermint oil significantly beat placebo on abdominal pain response (46.8% / 41.3% vs 34.4% placebo); however, secondary outcomes (abdominal pain, discomfort, IBS-SSS) showed greater improvement in the small-intestine arm. Largest single trial of peppermint oil to date and the basis for the GRADE downgrade in newer reviews
Functional dyspepsia and post-prandial distress
Small open-label and combination trials (peppermint-caraway oil combinations such as Iberogast / STW-5) suggest improvement in functional dyspepsia symptoms; data for peppermint oil alone in functional dyspepsia is thinner than for IBS
Antispasmodic mechanism on gastrointestinal smooth muscle
Hills and Aaronson 1991 (PMID: 1646142, Gastroenterology): direct demonstration in rabbit jejunum and guinea pig colon that peppermint oil and menthol inhibit potential-dependent L-type calcium currents in smooth muscle cells, producing dihydropyridine-like relaxation. This is the mechanistic basis for the IBS benefit
Non-IBS bloating, generic 'gut health,' or undiagnosed digestive discomfort
No RCT evidence for peppermint oil in non-IBS bloating or generic post-meal discomfort; benefit is documented specifically in Rome-criteria-diagnosed IBS populations
| Grade | Claimed Benefit | Key Studies | Our Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Global symptom improvement in irritable bowel syndrome | Khanna 2014 meta-analysis (PMID: 24100754, 9 RCTs, n=726): RR 2.23 for global symptom improvement vs placebo, NNT ~3; Alammar 2019 meta-analysis (PMID: 30654773, 12 RCTs, n=835): RR 2.39 for global symptom improvement; Ingrosso/Ford 2022 meta-analysis (PMID: 35942669, 10 RCTs): peppermint oil more efficacious than placebo, though overall GRADE quality rated very low; ACG 2021 IBS guideline (PMID: 33315591, Lacy et al.) includes peppermint oil as a recommended over-the-counter therapy | Supported |
| A | Reduction in abdominal pain in IBS | Khanna 2014 meta-analysis (PMID: 24100754): RR 2.14 for abdominal pain reduction; Alammar 2019 (PMID: 30654773): RR 1.78 for abdominal pain relief; Cappello 2007 RCT (PMID: 17420159, n=57, Mintoil 225mg twice daily x 4 weeks): 75% of peppermint group achieved >50% reduction in total IBS symptom score vs 38% on placebo (p<0.009) | Supported |
| B | Rapid symptom relief with small-intestine-targeted delivery (IBgard) | Cash 2016 IBSREST trial (PMID: 26319955, n=72 IBS-M/IBS-D, IBgard 3x daily x 4 weeks): 40% reduction in Total IBS Symptom Score vs 24.3% on placebo (p=0.025); significant separation from placebo as early as 24 hours (-19.6% vs -10.3%, p=0.009). Small trial, industry-sponsored, but the only RCT to test the triple-coated microsphere small-intestine delivery system | Supported |
| B | Larger rigorous trial results (mixed) | Weerts 2019 PERSUADE trial (PMID: 31470006, n=190 IBS patients, Netherlands, 8 weeks): missed prespecified FDA/EMA composite primary endpoint - neither small-intestine-release nor ileocolonic-release peppermint oil significantly beat placebo on abdominal pain response (46.8% / 41.3% vs 34.4% placebo); however, secondary outcomes (abdominal pain, discomfort, IBS-SSS) showed greater improvement in the small-intestine arm. Largest single trial of peppermint oil to date and the basis for the GRADE downgrade in newer reviews | Conflicted |
| C | Functional dyspepsia and post-prandial distress | Small open-label and combination trials (peppermint-caraway oil combinations such as Iberogast / STW-5) suggest improvement in functional dyspepsia symptoms; data for peppermint oil alone in functional dyspepsia is thinner than for IBS | Early Signal |
| A | Antispasmodic mechanism on gastrointestinal smooth muscle | Hills and Aaronson 1991 (PMID: 1646142, Gastroenterology): direct demonstration in rabbit jejunum and guinea pig colon that peppermint oil and menthol inhibit potential-dependent L-type calcium currents in smooth muscle cells, producing dihydropyridine-like relaxation. This is the mechanistic basis for the IBS benefit | Supported |
| D | Non-IBS bloating, generic 'gut health,' or undiagnosed digestive discomfort | No RCT evidence for peppermint oil in non-IBS bloating or generic post-meal discomfort; benefit is documented specifically in Rome-criteria-diagnosed IBS populations | Not There Yet |
How to Choose: Forms, Doses & What Matters
Clinical dose: 180-225mg enteric-coated peppermint oil, 3 times daily, taken 30-60 minutes before meals (Cappello protocol: 2 caps twice daily; IBgard protocol: 1-2 caps three times daily)
Best forms: Enteric-coated softgels or capsules (Nature's Way Pepogest, Heather's Tummy Tamers, Solaray, NOW Foods Peppermint Gels) - the form used in nearly every positive IBS trial, Sustained-release microspheres (IBgard, IM HealthScience) - small-intestine-targeted delivery designed to reduce heartburn vs older enteric capsules, Avoid: non-enteric peppermint oil capsules, raw peppermint essential oil dropped into beverages, candy mints - release in the stomach, worsen reflux, and have no clinical evidence for IBS
The trial protocols are remarkably consistent: 1-2 enteric-coated capsules, 3 times daily, taken 30-60 minutes before meals. The Cappello Mintoil protocol used 2 capsules of 225mg twice daily. The IBgard IBSREST protocol used 2 capsules of 90mg three times daily before meals (540mg/day total). The Weerts PERSUADE trial used 182mg small-intestine-release capsules three times daily. Take with a full glass of water - never bite, chew, or crush the capsules, as breaking the enteric coating releases the oil in the stomach and causes immediate heartburn. Do not take with antacids or acid suppressants in the same dose - they can dissolve enteric coatings prematurely. Effects can be noticed within the first few days for some users (Cash 2016 showed separation from placebo as early as 24 hours), but allow a full 4-week trial before deciding whether peppermint oil works for you. If no benefit by week 4 at the clinical dose, stop.
Who Should Take Peppermint Oil (Enteric-Coated)?
Adults with Rome-criteria irritable bowel syndrome, particularly IBS-M (mixed) and IBS-D (diarrhea-predominant) where pain and spasm are prominent. The Cash IBSREST trial enrolled IBS-M and IBS-D specifically. Reasonable adjunct alongside dietary management (low-FODMAP trial), soluble fiber, and gut-directed therapy. Worth a structured 4-week trial before moving to prescription antispasmodics or rifaximin for IBS-D. People with functional dyspepsia or post-meal cramping may also benefit, though evidence there is thinner. Anyone using peppermint oil for IBS should choose an enteric-coated formulation - this is the single most important quality variable.
Who Should Avoid It?
Not for everyone
Side Effects & Safety
Product Scores
8 products scored on dosing accuracy, third-party testing, cost per effective dose, and label transparency.
The Scorecard: 8 Products Compared
IBgard Peppermint Oil Capsules, 96 Count (2-pack)
IM HealthScience
$54.99 ÷ 96 days at 90mg/day (1 serving × 90mg)
Better value than the 48ct if you have committed to an IBgard trial; identical formulation, just larger pack
Prices checked 2026-05-16. Cost shown is per clinically effective daily dose, not per pill.
IBgard Gut Health Supplement, 48 Capsules
IM HealthScience
$31.99 ÷ 48 days at 90mg/day (1 serving × 90mg)
IBgard's small-intestine-targeted microsphere delivery is patented and distinct from standard enteric softgels; this is the closest you can get to the formulation that produced positive results in the Cash 2016 trial
Prices checked 2026-05-16. Cost shown is per clinically effective daily dose, not per pill.
Nature's Way Pepogest Enteric-Coated Peppermint Oil, 60 Softgels
Nature's Way
$12.99 ÷ 59 days at 180mg/day (1 serving × 180mg)
The default starting choice for most IBS patients - clinical dose, real enteric coating, trusted mainstream brand, and the lowest per-day cost in the category
Prices checked 2026-05-16. Cost shown is per clinically effective daily dose, not per pill.
Heather's Tummy Tamers Peppermint Oil Capsules, 90ct
Heather's Tummy Care
$29.95 ÷ 91 days at 180mg/day (1 serving × 180mg)
Heather Van Vorous is a long-time IBS-community advocate; the heavier enteric coating is a meaningful differentiator for IBS patients who get heartburn from standard enteric peppermint capsules
Prices checked 2026-05-16. Cost shown is per clinically effective daily dose, not per pill.
NOW Foods Peppermint Gels with Ginger & Fennel Oils, 90 Softgels
NOW Foods$14.99 ÷ 88 days at 181mg/day (1 serving × 181mg)
NOW Foods publishes more in-house quality testing data than almost any competitor - if independent USP/NSF certification is not available in this category, NOW's internal program is the strongest stand-in
Prices checked 2026-05-16. Cost shown is per clinically effective daily dose, not per pill.
Solaray Peppermint Oil with Rosemary & Thyme, 60 Softgels
Solaray
$16.99 ÷ 61 days at 250mg/day (1 serving × 250mg)
Good fit if you want to hit the Cappello trial dose with a single capsule rather than 2-3 lower-dose caps - just expect more heartburn risk at the higher per-cap dose
Prices checked 2026-05-16. Cost shown is per clinically effective daily dose, not per pill.
Enzymatic Therapy Peppermint Plus, 60 Softgels
Enzymatic Therapy
$17.49 ÷ 60 days at 187mg/day (1 serving × 187mg)
Solid mid-tier option if you want a multi-botanical formula and are not picky about brand vs Solaray's similar product
Prices checked 2026-05-16. Cost shown is per clinically effective daily dose, not per pill.
Mason Natural Peppermint Oil 50mg Enteric Coated, 90 Softgels
Mason Natural
$8.99 ÷ 18 days at 250mg/day (5 servings × 50mg)
Avoid as a primary IBS treatment unless you specifically want to titrate up from a very low dose - the 50mg per-cap strength forces an awkward 4-5 cap per-dose schedule to match the clinical trials
Prices checked 2026-05-16. Cost shown is per clinically effective daily dose, not per pill.
Full Comparison
| Category | IBgard Peppermint Oil Capsules, 96 Count (2-pack) IM HealthScience | IBgard Gut Health Supplement, 48 Capsules IM HealthScience | Nature's Way Pepogest Enteric-Coated Peppermint Oil, 60 Softgels Nature's Way | Heather's Tummy Tamers Peppermint Oil Capsules, 90ct Heather's Tummy Care | NOW Foods Peppermint Gels with Ginger & Fennel Oils, 90 Softgels NOW Foods | Solaray Peppermint Oil with Rosemary & Thyme, 60 Softgels Solaray | Enzymatic Therapy Peppermint Plus, 60 Softgels Enzymatic Therapy | Mason Natural Peppermint Oil 50mg Enteric Coated, 90 Softgels Mason Natural |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brand Score | 89/100Winner | 88/100 | 87/100 | 86/100 | 85/100 | 84/100 | 83/100 | 74/100 |
| Dosing & Form | 24/25Winner | 24/25 | 23/25 | 24/25 | 22/25 | 24/25 | 22/25 | 16/25 |
| Purity | 20/25 | 20/25 | 19/25 | 18/25 | 21/25Winner | 18/25 | 19/25 | 17/25 |
| Value | 20/25 | 19/25 | 23/25Winner | 21/25 | 22/25 | 21/25 | 20/25 | 22/25 |
| Transparency | 25/25Winner | 25/25 | 22/25 | 23/25 | 20/25 | 21/25 | 22/25 | 19/25 |
| Cost/Day | $0.57 | $0.67 | $0.22 | $0.33 | $0.17Winner | $0.28 | $0.29 | $0.50 |
| Dose/Serving | 90mg | 90mg | 180mg | 180mg | 181mg | 250mg | 187mg | 50mg |
| Form | Enteric-coated triple-layer microsphere capsule | Enteric-coated triple-layer microsphere capsule | Enteric-coated softgel | Enteric-coated softgel (peppermint + fennel + ginger) | Enteric-coated softgel (peppermint + ginger + fennel) | Enteric-coated softgel (peppermint + rosemary + thyme + quercetin) | Enteric-coated softgel (peppermint + rosemary + thyme) | Enteric-coated softgel |
| Third-Party Tested | No | No | ✓ Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
| Proprietary Blend | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Frequently Asked Questions
Why does the enteric coating matter so much for peppermint oil?
Peppermint oil's menthol relaxes smooth muscle wherever it touches it. In the small and large intestine, that is the therapeutic effect - it reduces spasm and pain. But in the esophagus and stomach, it relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter, which causes acid reflux and heartburn. Enteric coating is a pH-sensitive polymer that resists stomach acid and only dissolves in the more alkaline small intestine. Without it, you are essentially taking a reflux-inducer that never reaches the intestinal site of action. Every positive IBS trial used enteric-coated capsules - Cappello used Mintoil enteric capsules, Cash used IBgard's triple-coated microspheres, Weerts used small-intestine-release capsules. Non-enteric peppermint oil capsules have no IBS evidence behind them and reliably worsen heartburn in IBS patients (who already have higher GERD rates than the general population).
Does peppermint oil actually work for IBS or is it a placebo?
It works for many people, but the effect is smaller than older trials suggested. Two meta-analyses (Khanna 2014, Alammar 2019) pooling ~1,500 patients across 9-12 trials found peppermint oil clearly beat placebo with relative risks of 2.2-2.4 for global symptom improvement. The ACG 2021 IBS guideline lists it as a recommended therapy. But the largest single rigorous trial (PERSUADE, n=190) missed its strict prespecified primary endpoint, and the 2022 Ford meta-analysis downgraded the overall evidence quality to 'very low' by GRADE. The honest read: peppermint oil helps a meaningful fraction of IBS patients (NNT roughly 3-7 depending on outcome and trial selection), the effect is real, but it is not a cure and it is not the same as a prescription antispasmodic. Worth a 4-week trial at the clinical dose before deciding.
IBgard vs Heather's Tummy Tamers vs Pepogest - does the brand matter?
All three are enteric-coated and all three are reasonable choices, but they differ in dose and delivery. IBgard uses 90mg of peppermint oil in triple-coated microspheres designed to release uniformly throughout the small intestine - the format used in the Cash IBSREST trial - and is the most-studied US OTC product. Heather's Tummy Tamers use 50% more enteric coating than industry standard and add fennel and ginger oils for additional carminative effect; small-brand pedigree without large RCTs but a long IBS-community track record. Nature's Way Pepogest is the cheapest mainstream enteric-coated option (typically $0.10-0.15 per softgel) at 0.2mL of peppermint oil per softgel. The single most important variable is enteric coating - all three have it. Cost per day matters more than brand prestige once you are inside that filter.
Will peppermint oil give me heartburn?
It can, even with enteric coating. About 1 in 10 patients across the meta-analyses report heartburn or peppermint reflux, mostly with older enteric capsules where the coating sometimes dissolves prematurely. Sustained-release microsphere products (IBgard) appear to cause less heartburn based on the 3-year safety data the manufacturer presented at DDW 2020. To minimize the risk: take capsules with a full glass of water, swallow whole without chewing, take 30-60 minutes before meals rather than with meals, and avoid combining with antacids or PPIs in the same dose (acid suppression can cause some enteric polymers to dissolve in the stomach). If you have significant pre-existing GERD or hiatal hernia, peppermint oil is probably not the right IBS tool for you.
How long does peppermint oil take to work?
Some users notice symptom relief within the first few days - the Cash IBSREST trial showed significant separation from placebo as early as 24 hours after dosing. Most trial protocols read out at 4 weeks. If you do not see meaningful improvement in abdominal pain, bloating, or stool patterns by week 4 at the full clinical dose (180-225mg three times daily before meals), peppermint oil is unlikely to be your answer and it is reasonable to stop. Do not extend a non-responding trial past 8 weeks.
Can I take peppermint oil long-term?
Safety data look reassuring. The IBgard 3-year safety analysis presented at Digestive Disease Week 2020 reported no pattern of serious adverse events. The Cappello, Cash, and Weerts trials ran 4-8 weeks each with good tolerability. There is no signal of liver, kidney, or cardiovascular toxicity at typical IBS doses. The main long-term consideration is whether you still need it - IBS symptoms often wax and wane, and many patients find they can use peppermint oil intermittently during flares rather than continuously. If you find yourself dependent on continuous peppermint oil to keep IBS symptoms managed, that is a reasonable point to revisit overall IBS management with a gastroenterologist (low-FODMAP trial, soluble fiber, gut-directed therapy, prescription options).
Is peppermint oil safe with PPIs or other reflux medications?
Not ideal. Proton pump inhibitors and H2 blockers reduce stomach acidity, which can cause some enteric coatings to dissolve prematurely in the stomach rather than in the small intestine. That defeats the purpose of the enteric coating and increases heartburn risk. If you take a PPI, separate the peppermint oil dose by at least 2 hours, or choose a product with sustained-release microsphere technology (IBgard) which is less acid-pH-dependent. Also consider whether IBS or reflux is your dominant symptom - peppermint oil is the wrong tool if reflux is what is driving you to a doctor.
Can children take peppermint oil for stomach issues?
Not without pediatric supervision, and never in infants or toddlers. Menthol can cause laryngospasm, apnea, and respiratory depression in small children, and there are case reports of serious harm from peppermint oil exposure in infants. The pediatric IBS data is mostly from a small Kline 2001 trial in children aged 8-17 showing benefit, so school-aged children with diagnosed IBS may benefit, but this should be supervised by a pediatric gastroenterologist with appropriate dosing (lower than adult). Do not use adult IBgard or Pepogest products in children under 8 without medical guidance.
Related Reading
Sources
- Khanna R, MacDonald JK, Levesque BG. Peppermint oil for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2014;48(6):505-512.
- Alammar N, Wang L, Saberi B, Nanavati J, Holtmann G, Shinohara RT, Mullin GE. The impact of peppermint oil on the irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis of the pooled clinical data. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2019;19(1):21.
- Cash BD, Epstein MS, Shah SM. A novel delivery system of peppermint oil is an effective therapy for irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. Dig Dis Sci. 2016;61(2):560-571.
- Cappello G, Spezzaferro M, Grossi L, Manzoli L, Marzio L. Peppermint oil (Mintoil) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a prospective double blind placebo-controlled randomized trial. Dig Liver Dis. 2007;39(6):530-536.
- Weerts ZZRM, Masclee AAM, Witteman BJM, et al. Efficacy and safety of peppermint oil in a randomized, double-blind trial of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (PERSUADE). Gastroenterology. 2020;158(1):123-136.
- Ingrosso MR, Ianiro G, Nee J, Lembo AJ, Moayyedi P, Black CJ, Ford AC. Systematic review and meta-analysis: efficacy of peppermint oil in irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2022;56(6):932-941.
- Lacy BE, Pimentel M, Brenner DM, Chey WD, Keefer LA, Long MD, Moshiree B. ACG Clinical Guideline: Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021;116(1):17-44.
- Hills JM, Aaronson PI. The mechanism of action of peppermint oil on gastrointestinal smooth muscle: an analysis using patch clamp electrophysiology and isolated tissue pharmacology in rabbit and guinea pig. Gastroenterology. 1991;101(1):55-65.
FDA Disclaimer: These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. The products discussed on this page are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional before starting any supplement regimen.